Monitoring methods adapted to different perceptions and uses of functional biodiversity: Insights from a European qualitative study

The role of functional biodiversity for favouring natural regulation and reducing pesticide use in fruit production is generally acknowledged. Although a number farmers attempt to favour through different strategies (e.g. diversified hedges, nesting boxes), they often lack means evaluate how their actions contribute practice biodiversity. We assumed here that create useful appropriate monitoring methods, it necessary take into account the variety knowledge, perceptions interests about To test our hypothesis, we adopted comprehensive participative approach based on interviews workshops with farmers, advisors field agronomists involved apple orchard management. Our objective was understand uses then, design methods adapted those pre-existing uses. findings revealed both plurality along diversity objectives methods. Based these results, identified four main attitudes towards management biodiversity: wait-and-see attitude, naturalist attitude multifunctional attitude. These do not correspond person’s profiles, since one person can adopt regard components or practices supporting In addition, vary over time. identification allowed us design, workshops’ participants, guiding framework programs (i.e. combinations methods) targeted services.